02028nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001600200520142000216100001901636700002601655700001801681700002301699700002601722856011001748       2022                        eng d  a1606-974900aWater-food-energy nexus for transboundary cooperation in Eastern Africa0 aWaterfoodenergy nexus for transboundary cooperation in Eastern A  cMar-01-20223 aEstablishing cooperation in transboundary rivers is challenging especially with the weak or non-existent river basin institutions. A nexus-based approach is developed to explore cooperation opportunities in transboundary river basins while considering system operation and coordination under uncertain hydrologic river regimes. The proposed approach is applied to the Nile river basin with a special focus on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), assuming two possible governance positions: with or without cooperation. A cooperation mechanism is developed to allocate additional releases from the GERD when necessary, while a unilateral position assumes that the GERD is operated to maximize hydropower generation regardless of downstream users' needs. The GERD operation modes were analysed considering operation of downstream reservoirs and varying demands in Egypt. Results show that average basin-wide hydropower generation is likely to increase by about 547 GWh/year (1%) if cooperation is adopted when compared to the unilateral position. In Sudan, hydropower generation and water supply are expected to enhance in the unilateral position and would improve further with cooperation. Furthermore, elevated low flows by the GERD are likely to improve the WFE nexus outcomes in Egypt under full cooperation governance scenario with a small reduction in GERD hydropower generation (2,000 GWh/year (19%)).
1 aElsayed, Hamdy1 aDjordjević, Slobodan1 aSavic, Dragan1 aTsoukalas, Ioannis1 aMakropoulos, Christos  uhttps://iwaponline.com/ws/article/doi/10.2166/ws.2022.001/86211/Water-food-energy-nexus-for-transboundary02741nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001600227300001300243490000800256520202700264100001902291700002602310700002302336700002302359700002602382856013902408       2020                        eng d  a0733-949600aThe Nile Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Uncertainty: Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam0 aNile WaterFoodEnergy Nexus under Uncertainty Impacts of the Gran  cJan-11-2020  a040200850 v1463 a<p>Achieving a water, food, and energy (WFE) nexus balance through policy interventions is challenging in a transboundary river basin because of the dynamic nature and intersectoral complexity that may cross borders. The Nile basin is shared by a number of riparian countries and is currently experiencing rapid population and economic growth. This has sparked new developments to meet the growing water, food, and energy demands, alleviate poverty, and improve the livelihood in the basin. Such developments could result in basinwide cooperation or trigger conflicts among the riparian countries. A system dynamics model was developed for the entire Nile basin and integrated with the food and energy sectors in Egypt to investigate the future of the WFE nexus with and without the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) during filling and subsequent operation using basinwide stochastically generated flows. Different filling rates from 10% to 100% of the average monthly flow are considered during the filling process. Results suggest that the GERD filling and operation would affect the WFE nexus in Egypt, with the impact likely to be significant if the filling process occurred during a dry period. Food production from irrigated agriculture would be reduced by 9%&ndash;19% during filling and by about 4% during GERD operation compared with the case without it. The irrigation water supply and hydropower generation in Sudan will be reduced during the filling phase of the GERD, but this is expected to be improved during the dam operation phase as a result of the regulation afforded by the GERD. Ethiopian hydropower generation is expected to be boosted by the GERD during the filling and operation of the dam, adding an average of 15,000&thinsp;&thinsp;GWh/year15,000&thinsp;&thinsp;GWh/year once GERD comes online. Lastly, the results reveal the urgency of cooperation and coordination among the riparian countries to minimize the regional risks and maximize the regional rewards associated with the GERD.</p>
1 aElsayed, Hamdy1 aDjordjević, Slobodan1 aSavić, Dragan, A.1 aTsoukalas, Ioannis1 aMakropoulos, Christos  uhttp://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0001285http://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.000128501701nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001300041245008100054210006900135260001600204300001400220490000700234520098900241100002301230700002201253700002301275856023301298       2017                        eng d  a1364815200aAn integrated model to evaluate water-energy-food nexus at a household scale0 aintegrated model to evaluate waterenergyfood nexus at a househol  cJan-07-2017  a366 - 3800 v933 a<p>To achieve a sustainable supply and effectively manage water, energy and food (WEF) demand, interactions between WEF need to be understood. This study developed an integrated model, capturing the interactions between WEF at end-use level at a household scale. The model is based on a survey of 419 households conducted to investigate WEF over winter and summer for the city of Duhok, Iraq. A bottom-up approach was used to develop this system dynamics-based model. The model estimates WEF demand and the generated organic waste and wastewater quantities. It also investigates the impact of change in user behaviour, diet, income, family size and climate.</p>

<p>The simulation results show a good agreement with the historical data. Using the model, the impact of Global Scenario Group (GSG) scenarios was investigated. The results suggest that the &lsquo;fortress world&rsquo; scenario (an authoritarian response to the threat of breakdown) had the highest impact on WEF.</p>
1 aHussien, Wa'el, A.1 aMemon, Fayyaz, A.1 aSavić, Dragan, A.  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364815216306594https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364815216306594?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364815216306594?httpAccept=text/plain00835nas a2200241   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001600202490000600218100001600224700002100240700001800261700001500279700001800294700001500312700001400327700001600341700001900357700001500376700001400391700001500405856017300420       2016                        eng d00aIntermediate tree cover can maximize groundwater recharge in the seasonally dry tropics0 aIntermediate tree cover can maximize groundwater recharge in the  cJan-04-20160 v61 aIlstedt, U.1 aTobella, Bargu?s1 aBazi?, H., R.1 aBayala, J.1 aVerbeeten, E.1 aNyberg, G.1 aSanou, J.1 aBenegas, L.1 aMurdiyarso, D.1 aLaudon, H.1 aSheil, D.1 aMalmer, A.  uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21930http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21930.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21930.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep2193002611nas a2200277   4500008003900000022001400039245008700053210006900140520178500209100001401994700001402008700001202022700001402034700001402048700001502062700001402077700001402091700001602105700001402121700001302135700001602148700002002164700001802184700001602202856011502218       2014                          d  a1091-649000aMultiscale digital Arabidopsis predicts individual organ and whole-organism growth0 aMultiscale digital Arabidopsis predicts individual organ and who3 aUnderstanding how dynamic molecular networks affect whole-organism physiology, analogous to mapping genotype to phenotype, remains a key challenge in biology. Quantitative models that represent processes at multiple scales and link understanding from several research domains can help to tackle this problem. Such integrated models are more common in crop science and ecophysiology than in the research communities that elucidate molecular networks. Several laboratories have modeled particular aspects of growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, but it was unclear whether these existing models could productively be combined. We test this approach by constructing a multiscale model of Arabidopsis rosette growth. Four existing models were integrated with minimal parameter modification (leaf water content and one flowering parameter used measured data). The resulting framework model links genetic regulation and biochemical dynamics to events at the organ and whole-plant levels, helping to understand the combined effects of endogenous and environmental regulators on Arabidopsis growth. The framework model was validated and tested with metabolic, physiological, and biomass data from two laboratories, for five photoperiods, three accessions, and a transgenic line, highlighting the plasticity of plant growth strategies. The model was extended to include stochastic development. Model simulations gave insight into the developmental control of leaf production and provided a quantitative explanation for the pleiotropic developmental phenotype caused by overexpression of miR156, which was an open question. Modular, multiscale models, assembling knowledge from systems biology to ecophysiology, will help to understand and to engineer plant behavior from the genome to the field.1 aChew, Y H1 aWenden, B1 aFlis, A1 aMengin, V1 aTaylor, J1 aDavey, C L1 aTindal, C1 aThomas, H1 aOugham, H J1 aReffye, P1 aStitt, M1 aWilliams, M1 aMuetzelfeldt, R1 aHalliday, K J1 aMillar, A J  uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/08/27/1410238111.full.pdf+html?sid=66edb45d-8e99-4d84-a072-a47729a65e1408328nas a2200145   4500008003900000245008900039210006900128260002600197300001000223490000700233520784400240100002008084700002008104856005808124       2009                          d00aModeling the soil system: Bridging the gap between pedology and soil–water physics0 aModeling the soil system Bridging the gap between pedology and s  bElsevier B.Vc05/2009  a51-610 v673 a<p>&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; line-height: 18px; ">The biological and geochemical processes in soil such as organic matter mineralization, microbiological activity, and plant alimentation can be accurately assessed and modeled only with the knowledge of the thermodynamic status of the soil medium where these processes take place. However, current soil water models do not define and characterize the soil structure or the thermodynamic state of the soil water interacting with this structure. This article presents a new paradigm in characterizing and&nbsp;<a name="hit2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "></a><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit1" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/prevterm.gif" alt="previous term" title="previous term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a><span class="hit" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; ">modeling</span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/nextterm.gif" alt="next term" title="next term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a>&nbsp;the organized soil medium and the physical properties resulting from this organization. It describes a framework of the&nbsp;<a name="hit3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "></a><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit2" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/prevterm.gif" alt="previous term" title="previous term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a><span class="hit" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; ">modeling</span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit4" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/nextterm.gif" alt="next term" title="next term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a>&nbsp;approach as a contribution to the General Systems theory. The basic concept of Representative Elementary Volume (REV) in soil physics and hydrology was transformed into the concept of Structure Representative Volume (SREV) which takes into account the hierarchical organization of the structured soil medium. The pedostructure is defined as the SREV of the soil medium and this concept is at the basis of the new paradigm including variables, equations, parameters, and units in soil physics, in a similar way that the REV is at the basis of the continuous porous media mechanics applied to soils. The paradigm allows for a thermodynamic characterization of the structured soil medium with respect to soil water content then bridging the gap between pedology and soil physics. We show that the two points of view (REV and SREV) are complementary and must be used in the scaling of information. This approach leads to a new dimension in soil&ndash;water properties characterization that ensures a physically based&nbsp;<a name="hit4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "></a><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit3" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/prevterm.gif" alt="previous term" title="previous term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a><span class="hit" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; ">modeling</span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit5" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/nextterm.gif" alt="next term" title="next term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a>&nbsp;of processes in soil and the transfer of information from the physical scale of processes (pedostructure or laboratory measurements scale) to the application scale of the other disciplines (<a name="hit5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "></a><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit4" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/prevterm.gif" alt="previous term" title="previous term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a><span class="hit" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; ">modeling</span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6VF0-4V94X09-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2009&amp;_alid=917157004&amp;_rdoc=5&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_cdi=5996&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_ct=367&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=64052ee8ed7a03778c1fbd30ceab1ad2#hit6" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/sci_dir/nextterm.gif" alt="next term" title="next term" width="7" height="11" border="0" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; " /></a>&nbsp;and mapping scale).</span></p>1 aBraudeaua, Erik1 aMohtar, Rabi, H  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.002    03051nas a2200133   4500008003900000245008400039210006900123300001400192490000600206520257100212100005802783700001402841856006202855       2009                          d00aA multi-scale ''soil water structure'' model based on the pedostructure concept0 amultiscale soil water structure model based on the pedostructure  a1111-11630 v63 a<p>&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; ">Current soil water models do not take into account the internal organization of the soil medium and, a fortiori, the physical interaction between the water film surrounding the solid particles of the soil structure, and the surface charges of this structure. In that sense they empirically deal with the physical soil properties that are all generated from this soil water-structure interaction. As a result, the thermodynamic state of the soil water medium, which constitutes the local physical conditions, namely the pedo-climate, for biological and geo-chemical processes in soil, is not defined in these models. The omission of soil structure from soil characterization and modeling does not allow for coupling disciplinary models for these processes with soil water models. This article presents a soil water structure model, Kamel<sup>&reg;</sup>, which was developed based on a new paradigm in soil physics where the hierarchical soil structure is taken into account allowing for defining its thermodynamic properties. After a review of soil physics principles which forms the basis of the paradigm, we describe the basic relationships and functionality of the model. Kamel<sup>&reg;</sup>&nbsp;runs with a set of 15 soil input parameters, the pedohydral parameters, which are parameters of the physically-based equations of four soil characteristic curves that can be measured in the laboratory. For cases where some of these parameters are not available, we show how to estimate these parameters from commonly available soil information using published pedotransfer functions. A published field experimental study on the dynamics of the soil moisture profile following a pounded infiltration rainfall event was used as an example to demonstrate soil characterization and Kamel<sup>&reg;</sup>&nbsp;simulations. The simulated soil moisture profile for a period of 60 days showed very good agreement with experimental field data. Simulations using input data calculated from soil texture and pedotransfer functions were also generated and compared to simulations of the more ideal characterization. The later comparison illustrates how Kamel<sup>&reg;</sup>&nbsp;can be used and adapt to any case of soil data availability. As physically based model on soil structure, it may be used as a standard reference to evaluate other soil-water models and also pedotransfer functions at a given location or agronomical situation.</span></p>1 aBraudeau, Mohtar El Ghezal Crayol Salahat, R H    N  1 aMartin, P  uhttp://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/6/1111/2009/00709nas a2200205   4500008003900000245009900039210006900138100002000207700002500227700002500252700002400277700002600301700001800327700002100345700001800366700002200384700002300406700002000429856005400449       2008                          d00aCONCEPT MAPS FOR COMBINING HARD AND SOFT SYSTEM THINKING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECOSYSTEMS0 aCONCEPT MAPS FOR COMBINING HARD AND SOFT SYSTEM THINKING IN THE 1 aSalerno, Franco1 aCuccillato, Emanuele1 aMuetzelfeldt, Robert1 aGiannino, Francesco1 aBajracharya, Birendra1 aCaroli, Paolo1 aViviano, Gaetano1 aStaiano, Anna1 aFabrizio Cartenì1 aMazzoleni, Stefano1 aTartari, Gianni  uhttp://cmc.ihmc.us/cmc2008papers/cmc2008-p190.pdf00781nas a2200241   4500008003900000022001000039245010700049210006900156100001500225700001600240700001300256700001600269700001400285700001300299700001300312700001800325700001600343700001600359700002100375700001200396700001400408856011700422       2007                          d  aHTA 900aThe clinical and cost effectiveness of screening for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)0 aclinical and cost effectiveness of screening for meticillinresis1 aK, Ritchie1 aI, Bradbury1 aJ, Craig1 aJ, Eastgate1 aL, Foster1 aH, Kohli1 aK, Iqbal1 aK, MacPherson1 aT, McCarthy1 aH, McIntosh1 aE, Nic Lochlainn1 aM, Reid1 aJ, Taylor  uhttp://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/his/idoc.ashx?docid=4cd58ffa-afdb-45bb-b0d5-22782b3f327d&version=-100503nam a2200157   4500008003900000020001900039245006200058210006100120260001000181300000800191653002800199653000800227100002100235700001900256856007000275       2003                          d  a978-047149618200aEnvironmental Modelling: Finding Simplicity in Complexity0 aEnvironmental Modelling Finding Simplicity in Complexity  bWiley  a43010aenvironmental modelling10aGIS1 aWainwright, John1 aMulligan, Mark  uhttp://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471496189.html01878nas a2200181   4500008003900000245004500039210004000084300001300124490000700137520137300144653002601517653001401543653002601557653001101583100002201594700001701616856006301633       2003                          d00aThe Simile visual modelling environment.0 aSimile visual modelling environment  a345-358 0 v183 a<p>Simile is a visual modelling environment that has been developed to overcome the problems involved in implementing agro-ecological simulation models using conventional programming languages: problems such as the effort and skill needed to program the models, the lack of transparency in models implemented as programs, and the lack of reuseability of models and submodels. It combines the familiar System Dynamics (compartment-flow) paradigm with an object-based paradigm, allowing many forms of disaggregation to be handled, as well as spatial modelling and individual-based modelling. Its visual modelling interface makes it accessible to non-programmers, at the same time allowing models to be largely self-documenting. Models can be run very efficiently as compiled C++ programs, and users can develop new visualisation tools for displaying model results. Simile has been used in international research programmes, including the modelling of Mediterranean vegetation dynamics and modelling the interaction between households and land at the forest margin in developing countries. Simile has been developed in a spirit of open standards for model sharing. Models are saved as a text file in a structured format, with a view to enable model sharing with other modelling environments and to encourage others to develop additional tools for working with models.</p>10aDeclarative modelling10aModelling10aModelling environment10aSimile1 aMuetzelfeldt, R I1 aMassheder, J  uhttp://www.simulistics.com/files/documents/SimilePaper.pdf