This is an example of a paired t-test which is supposed to show the role of a null model in making statistical inference.
In this example there are two samples, each with 20 observations. We want to know if the sample means are statistically different.
The statistical question is:
What is the chance that the two samples are measurements of the same process, and the observed difference happened purely by chance?
To answer this question we could use a paired t-test. At its core the paired t-test has a null model.
